A high-absorbance water-soluble photoinitiator nanoparticle for hydrogel 3D printing: synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity study

Characterization of TPO nanoparticles

Converting poorly water-soluble TPO into nanoparticles which can be easily dispersed in water by drying a microemulsion was reported previously²². Similarly, the nanoparticles were synthesized. The obtained powder from the lyophilization of an oil-in-water solution gives a clear aqueous solution (Fig. 1B) that can be used in many applications. In this synthesis, one of the most critical components is PVP, which acts as a crystallization inhibitor during dispersion in water. Investigating the morphology of synthesized nanoparticles has been evaluated…