Divergent effectiveness of irrigation in enhancing food security in droughts under future climates with various emission scenarios

Historical and future evolution of droughts in both space and time

Here we used the outputs of four Global Climate Models (GCMs), namely GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, and MIROC5, from the ISIMIP program (https://www.isimip.org/)^14,15,16 to monitor interannual changes of droughts under historical, RCP2.6, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5 scenarios (Fig. 1 and Supplementary Note 3). The negative values of MPDSI mean drought conditions and vice versa. We observed fluctuating droughts from 1860 to 1910 in the historical period. The mean value of MPDSI around 1920 was lower than before (reach -1). And…