Comparison of the simulated outcomes of aerosol–cloud interaction by a meteorological model with and without an interactive chemistry module

The results of the CHEM runs are already presented in TW22. In this paper, we focus on the “fire effect” in the new WRF simlations, which refers to the difference between FIRE and NOFIRE runs hereinafter.

Figure 1 shows the observed and simulated spatial distributions of monthly accumulated rainfall (Fig. 1a–c) and the temporal evolution of surface rainfall (Fig. 1d–f) averaged within three major rainfall areas as in TW22. Although the general overestimation of the accumulated precipitation can be seen in our simulations (Fig. 1b,c) when compared to the estimates by the Tropical…