Diversifying crop rotation increases food production, reduces net greenhouse gas emissions and improves soil health

The field experiment was established in October 2016 at the Luancheng Agro-Ecosystem Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (37°50′ N, 114°40′ E; altitude, 50.1 m) in Luancheng County, Hebei Province (Fig. S5a), which represents the agricultural production and climate conditions of the North China Plain. The experimental area experiences a warm, temperate zone, semi-humid, monsoon climate with a frost-free period of 200 days. The annual mean air temperature was 14.7 ± 1.0 °C over the last 20 years, and the annual average precipitation was 472 ± 161 mm over the…