Highly selective and sensitive recognition of multi-ions in aqueous solution based on polymer-grafted nanoparticle as visual colorimetric sensor

Characterization of the chemosensor

The XRD analysis

X-ray diffraction technique is typically used to investigate and identify phase formation and obtain information about the crystallinity of the TiO₂ NPs and poly(AM-MBA-DTZ)-grafted TiO₂ NPs. The obtained X-ray diffraction patterns for TiO₂ NPs and polymeric matrices are shown in Fig. 2. The diffraction patterns and peak positions of TiO₂ NPs well agreement with those of tetragonal TiO₂ anatase phase (2θ = 25.35, 37.77, 47.83, 54.22, 62.92, 75.40)^23,24. No peak corresponding to any secondary and, or impurity phases was visible,…