How the retailing contest between CBDs, shopping centers and online will reshape our cities

Retail activity has been a defining facet of cities since antiquity. The Greek Agora and Roman Forum may be viewed as the original CBDs—central business districts, or what urban planners call activity centers.

Retail spaces have evolved over time. Urbanization, mass production and the rise of conspicuous consumption led to the high street and CBD dominating the retail landscape across the…