Numerical analysis of slip-enhanced flow over a curved surface with magnetized water-based hybrid nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms

Take 2D flow of hybrid nanoliquid comprising of gyrotactic microorganisms on an elongating curved surface using porous media. The nanoparticles of TiO₂ and Fe₃O₄ have dispersed in water for composition of hybrid nanofluid. A curvilinear coordinate system (\(R,S\)) having \(U\) and \(V\) as velocities in \(S -\) and \(R -\) directions are considered. The surface stretches with velocity \(U_{w} = aS\), where \(a > 0\) is constant, along \(S -\) direction while \(R\) is the normal direction to the fluid flow (see Fig. 1). The temperature, nanoparticle concentration, and concentration of…