Versatile bubble maneuvering on photopyroelectric slippery surfaces

Bubble transport on the PESS

The PESS is constructed with a sandwich structure including a slippery layer, a pyroelectric layer and a photothermal layer from top to bottom (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 1). Briefly, the mixture of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was streamed on a commercial lithium niobate wafer acting as the pyroelectric layer, and the photothermal layer was obtained by curing the PDMS. Then a coating of hydrophobic SiO₂ nanoparticles with a diameter of ~25 nm (Supplementary Fig. 2a) was sprayed on the other side of the lithium niobate wafer, and…