Broadband high-efficiency 3-bit coding metasurface in transmission mode based on the polarization conversion technique

The present paper employs the MFPS approach (as introduced by²⁴ along with subsequent studies that aimed to design broadband RFM^3,22) at the system design level to achieve the maximum 1-dB gain bandwidth and aperture efficiency as much as possible. The objective is to optimize the phase distribution on the aperture using this approach to balance the overall phase error caused by 3-bit phase quantization. Initially, the frequency band is set from 12.3 to 16.5 GHz, based on the amplitude and phase behavior of all bits. To achieve this, a global search algorithm known as particle swarm…