Climatological distribution of summertime Arctic sea fog frequency (SFF). (a) and (b) are the SFF climatology derived from ship observations and the PWRF-ERA, respectively. The shaded grid in (a) represents observation with data more than 10 years. (c), (d) are spatial pattern of the linear trend of the SFF derived from the PWRF-ERA and the historical run of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models during 1979–2018. (e) and (f) are the linear trend of the projected SFF under RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios…
